Indasitiri yemabhasikoro yave imwe yevashoma vanobatsirwa nedenda rekoronavirus sezvo vanhu vari kutsvaga nzira dzekugara vachishanda, kuvaraidza vana uye kuenda kubasa.Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kutengeswa kwemabhasikoro munyika yose kwakakwira ne50% gore rapfuura.Aya inhau dzakanaka kune vanogadzira mabhasikoro epamba, akadai seDetroit Bicycles neAmerican Bicycle Company (BCA).
Kare, United States ndiyo yaitungamirira pasi rose kugadzira mabhasikoro.Mafekitari anofambiswa nemakambani akaita seHuffy, Murray, neSchwinn anogadzira mabhasikoro akawanda gore rega rega.Kunyangwe mabhureki aya achiripo, kugadzirwa kwakatamira mhiri kwemakungwa makore mazhinji apfuura.
Somuenzaniso, Schwinn akaita bhasikoro rokupedzisira muChicago muna 1982, uye Huffy akavhara fekitari yayo yakakurumbira muCelina, Ohio muna 1998. Mukati meiyi nhambo, vamwe vagadziri vemabhasikoro vakawanda veAmerica vanosanozivikanwa, vakadai saRoadmaster naRoss, vakatevera pedyo zvikuru.Panguva iyoyo, mutengo wekutengesa wemabhasikoro wakanga wadzikira ne25% sezvo vagadziri vekuAsia vaidzikisira mitengo uye vakabvisa purofiti.
Sekureva kwaHarry Moser, sachigaro weReshoring Initiative uye munyori wechikamu cheASSEMBLY che“Moser on Manufacturing”, vagadziri vekuAmerica vakagadzira mabhasikoro anopfuura miriyoni mashanu muna 1990. Zvisineyi, sezvo mamwe mabasa ekunze aiitika, kugadzirwa kwepamba kwakadzikira kusvika pakushomeka kwemotokari 200 000. .2015. Mazhinji emabhasikoro aya anogadzirwa nediki-vhoriyamu, niche makambani anobata kune vakaoma-core bhasikoro vanofarira.
Kugadzira mabhasikoro kazhinji iindasitiri inotenderera iyo yakasangana neanoshamisa booms uye kushushikana.Muchokwadi, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana, kudzikira kwekugadzirwa kwemumba kwakadzoserwa mumakore achangopfuura.
Ingave iri mbozhanhare kana yakamira, mabhasikoro ane mabhenefiti akawanda ehutano.Nekuda kwedenda re coronavirus, vanhu vazhinji vari kufunga patsva kwavanoita maekisesaizi uye mashandisiro avanoita nguva yavo yekusununguka.
"[Gore rapfuura] vatengi [vari] kutsvaga zviitiko zvekunze uye zvine hushamwari nevana kuti vakwanise kutsungirira zvirinani matambudziko ane chekuita neodha yepamba, uye kuchovha bhasikoro kwakakodzera kwazvo," NPD Group Sports Industry Analyst Dirk Sorensen (Dirk Sorenson) akadaro Inc., a. kambani yekutsvagisa inoteedzera mafambiro emusika.“Pakupedzisira, kune vanhu vakawanda [vanochovha mabhasikoro] nhasi kupfuura mumakore mashoma apfuura.
"Kutengesa mukota yekutanga ya2021 kwakwira ne83% kubva panguva imwe chete gore rapfuura," akadaro Sorensen.“Kufarira kwevatengi kutenga mabhasikoro kuchiri kukuru.”Izvi zvinotarisirwa kuenderera kwegore kana maviri.
Munzvimbo dzemumadhorobha, mabhasikoro anofarirwa kwekufamba kwenguva pfupi nekuti anogona kuchengetedza nguva yakawanda kana achienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzekufambisa.Uyezve, mabhasikoro anogadzirisa matambudziko ari kuwedzera akakosha senge nzvimbo shoma dzekupaka, kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye kuwandisa kwemotokari.Pamusoro pezvo, iyo yekugovana bhasikoro system inobvumira vanhu kurenda bhasikoro uye nyore kushandisa mavhiri maviri kufamba kutenderera guta.
Kuwedzera kufarira motokari dzemagetsi kwakasimudzirawo bhasikoro boom.Muchokwadi, vazhinji vanogadzira mabhasikoro vari kugadzirira zvigadzirwa zvavo necompact uye lightweight mabhatiri, mota uye madhiraivha masisitimu ekuwedzera iyo yakanaka yechinyakare pedal simba.
"Kutengeswa kwemabhasikoro emagetsi kwakawedzera zvakanyanya," akadaro Sorenson.“Sezvo denda rakaunza vatasvi vakawanda pachiitiko ichi, kutengeswa kwemabhasikoro emagetsi kwakawedzera.Pakati pezvitoro zvinotengesa mabhasikoro, mabhasikoro emagetsi ava chikamu chechitatu chikurusa chebhasikoro, chechipiri chete pakutengeswa kwemabhasikoro emumakomo nemabhasikoro emumigwagwa.”
"E-mabhasikoro agara achizivikanwa," anowedzera Chase Spaulding, mudzidzisi anonyanya kugadzira bhasikoro nekugadzira paSoutheastern Minnesota State University.Achangopedza kudzidza pachirongwa chake chemakore maviri pakoreji yenharaunda.Spaulding akatanga chirongwa ichi kuti chizadzise zvinodiwa nevagadziri vemabhasikoro emuno, seHed Cycling Products, Quality Bicycle Products uye Trek Bicycle Corp.
Spalding akati: “Indasitiri yemotokari yakasimudzira motokari dzemagetsi nekukasira, uye yakabatsira indasitiri yemabhasikoro kuita budiriro huru pasina kubhadhara mari yakakwana yekugadzira mabhatiri nezvimwe zvinhu.“[Izvi zvikamu zvinogona kubatanidzwa zviri nyore mu] Pakupedzisira Muchigadzirwa, [vanhu] vazhinji vanonzwa vakachengeteka uye havazoonekwe sechimiro chinoshamisa kwazvo chemopeds kana midhudhudhu.
Sekureva kwaSpaulding, mabhasikoro ematombo ndiyo imwe nzvimbo inopisa muindasitiri iyi.Vanokwezva kwazvo kune vanochovha mabhasikoro vanofarira kuramba vachienda kumagumo emugwagwa.Iwo ari pakati pemabhasikoro emakomo uye mabhasiketi emumugwagwa, asi anopa yakasarudzika yekukwira ruzivo.
Pane imwe nguva, mabhasikoro mazhinji aitengeswa kuburikidza nevatengesi vemabhasikoro munharaunda uye vatengesi vakuru (seSears, Roebuck & Co., kana Montgomery Ward & Co.).Kunyangwe zvitoro zvemabhasikoro zvemuno zvichiripo, mazhinji acho ave kuita zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro zvevatyairi vakakomba.
Nhasi, mabhasikoro akawanda emusika anotengeswa kuburikidza nevatengesi vakakura (zvakadai seDick's Sporting Goods, Target, uye Walmart) kana kuburikidza ne-e-commerce nzvimbo (zvakadai seAmazon).Mumakore achangopfuura, sezvo vanhu vakawanda vachitenga zvigadzirwa pamhepo, kutengesa-kune-vatengi kwakashandurawo indasitiri yemabhasikoro.
Mainland China neTaiwan inotonga musika wemabhasikoro epasi rose, uye makambani akadai seGiant, Merida uye Tianjin Fujitec account kune mazhinji ebhizinesi.Zvikamu zvizhinji zvinogadzirwawo mhiri kwemakungwa nemakambani akadai seShimano, ayo anodzora zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvegiya uye musika wemabhureki.
MuEurope, kuchamhembe kwePortugal ndiko pakati peindasitiri yemabhasikoro.Kune makambani anopfuura makumi mashanu munzvimbo iyi anogadzira mabhasikoro, zvikamu uye zvishongedzo.RTE, iyo yakakura kugadzira mabhasikoro muEurope, inoshandisa fekitori muSelzedo, Portugal, inogona kuunganidza anosvika zviuru zvishanu zvemabhasikoro pazuva.
Nhasi, Reshoring Initiative inoti ine vanopfuura mazana maviri evagadziri vemabhasikoro ekuAmerica uye mhando, kubva kuAlchemy Bicycle Co. kuenda kuVictoria Cycles.Kunyangwe mazhinji ari makambani madiki kana vanogovera, kune akati wandei vatambi vakuru, kusanganisira BCA (inotsigira Kent International Corporation) neTrek.Nekudaro, makambani mazhinji, akadai saRoss Bikes uye SRAM LLC, anogadzira zvigadzirwa mukati uye anozvigadzira mhiri kwemakungwa.
Semuenzaniso, zvigadzirwa zveRoss zvakagadzirirwa muLas Vegas asi zvinogadzirwa muChina neTaiwan.Pakati pa1946 na1989, bhizinesi remhuri rakavhura mafekitori muBrooklyn, New York neAllentown, Pennsylvania, uye mabhasikoro akagadzirwa akawanda asati amira kushanda.
"Tinoda kugadzira mabhasikoro kuUnited States zvakare, asi 90% yezvikamu, zvakadai sekutumira (makina emagetsi anokonzera kufambisa cheni pakati pema sprockets kuti aendese magiya) anogadzirwa mhiri kwemakungwa," akadaro Sean Rose, a. nhengo yechizvarwa chechina.Mhuri ichangobva kumutsa rudzi rwakapayona mabhasikoro emakomo muma1980s."Zvisinei, tinogona kupedzisira taita mamwe madiki madiki kugadzira pano."
Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvinhu zvachinja, muitiro mukuru wokuunganidza mabhasikoro wakaramba usingachinji kwemakumi emakore.Iyo pendi furemu inoiswa pachigadziriso, uye ipapo akasiyana mabhureki, mudguard, magiya, handlebars, pedals, zvigaro uye mavhiri anoiswa.Mibato inowanzobviswa isati yatakurwa kuitira kuti bhasikoro rigone kurongedzerwa mukatoni nhete.
Iyo furemu inowanzo umbwa neakabhenda akasiyana, akakwenenzverwa uye akapendwa tubular simbi zvikamu.Aluminium nesimbi ndizvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa zvinhu, asi kabhoni faibha composite zvinhu uye titanium mafuremu zvinoshandiswawo mumabhasikoro epamusoro-soro nekuda kwehuremu hwawo.
Kuvacherechedziwo zvavo, mabhasikoro mazhinji anotaridzika uye anoita zvakafanana sezvaave achiita kwemakumi emakore.Zvisinei, pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa kupfuura kare.
"Kazhinji, musika unonyanya kukwikwidza mukugadzirwa kwemafuremu uye zvikamu," akadaro Spalding weSoutheastern Minnesota State University.“Mabhasikoro emumakomo akasiyana-siyana, kubva pakakwirira, akasimba uye anochinjika, kusvika kureba, akaderera uye akarembera.Iye zvino pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa pakati pezviviri.Mabhasikoro emumugwagwa ane mashoma akasiyana, asi maererano nezvikamu, geometry, uremu uye kuita.Musiyano wacho wakakura zvikuru.
"Kutapurirana ndicho chinhu chakaomarara pane angangoita ese mabhasikoro nhasi," Spalding akatsanangura.“Uchaona zvakare mamwe magiya emukati anorongedza magiya maviri kusvika gumi nemana mukati mehabhu yekumashure, asi nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemutengo uye kuoma, mwero wekupinda wakadzikira zvakanyanya uye hapana bhonasi yekuita inoenderana.
"Girazi regirazi pacharo nderimwe rudzi, kungofanana neindasitiri yeshangu, uri kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvesaizi imwe kuti isangane nemhando dzakasiyana," Spaulding anonongedza."Zvisinei, pamusoro peiyo static saizi matambudziko akatarisana neshangu, furemu haifanire kungokwana mushandisi, asi inofanirwa kuchengetedza kuita, kunyaradza uye kusimba mukati mehukuru hwesaizi.
“Naizvozvo, kunyangwe ichingori musanganiswa wemasimbi akati wandei kana kabhoni faibha maumbirwo, kuomarara kwemavara ejometri ari kutamba kunogona kuita kugadzira dhizaini, kunyanya kubva mukutanga, kunetsa kupfuura chikamu chimwe chine kukwirira kwechikamu uye kuomarara.Bonde,” akadaro Spalding."Makona uye chinzvimbo chezvikamu zvinogona kuita zvinoshamisa pakuita."
“Mari yakajairika yezvinhu zvebhasikoro inosanganisira zvinhu zvinokosha makumi mana kubva kune vanenge 30 vakasiyana-siyana,” akawedzera kudaro Zak Pashak, purezidhendi weDetroit Bicycle Company.Kambani yake yemakore gumi ekuzvarwa iri muchivako chezvidhinha chisina kunyorwa muWest Side yeDetroit, iyo yaimbova kambani yelogo.
Iyi fekitori ye50,000 square foot yakasarudzika nekuti yakagadzira bhasikoro rose nemaoko kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira, kusanganisira furemu nemavhiri.Pari zvino, mitsetse miviri yegungano inobudisa avhareji yemabhasikoro anenge 50 pazuva, asi fekitari inogona kubudisa mabhasikoro akawanda se300 pazuva.Kushomeka kwepasi rose kwezvikamu kwakamisa indasitiri yese yemabhasikoro kuri kutadzisa kambani kuwedzera kugadzira.
Pamusoro pekugadzira mhando dzayo, kusanganisira yakakurumbira Sparrow commuter modhi, Detroit Bicycle Company zvakare inogadzira kondirakiti.Yakaunganidza mabhasikoro eDick's Sporting Goods uye ngarava dzakagadziridzwa dzemhando dzakadai seFaygo, New Belgium Brewing uye Toll Brothers.Sezvo Schwinn achangobva kupemberera kusvitsa kwake 125th, Detroit Bikes yakagadzira yakakosha nhevedzano ye500 Collegiate modhi.
Sekureva kwaPashak, mafuremu mazhinji emabhasikoro anogadzirwa mhiri kwemakungwa.Nekudaro, kambani yake ine makore gumi ekuzvarwa yakasarudzika muindasitiri nekuti inoshandisa chrome simbi kuunganidza mafuremu akagadzirwa muUnited States.Vazhinji vanogadzira mabhasikoro epamba vanoshandisa mafuremu avanounzwa kunze kwenyika.Zvimwe zvikamu zvakaita semavhiri nemavhiri zvinotengwawo kunze kwenyika.
"Tine hunyanzvi hwekugadzira simbi mukati hunoita kuti tikwanise kugadzira chero mhando yebhasikoro," Pashak akatsanangura.“Maitiro acho anotanga nekucheka nekupeta kuita pombi dzesimbi dzine maumbirwo nemakuriro akasiyana.Aya tubular mativi anozoiswa mujig uye nemaoko akasungwa pamwe chete kugadzira bhasikoro furemu.
"Gungano rose risati rapendwa, mabhureki anoshandiswa kugadzirisa mabhureki netambo dzegiya achaiswawo pafuremu," akadaro Pashak.“Indasitiri yemabhasikoro iri kufamba neimwe nzira, asi pari zvino tiri kuita zvinhu zvechinyakare nekuti hatina nhamba dzakakwana dzekupa chikonzero chekuisa mari mumichina.
Kunyange fekitari huru yemabhasikoro muUnited States haiwanzoshandisa otomatiki, asi mamiriro ezvinhu aya ave kuda kuchinja.Chimiro cheBCA muManning, South Carolina chine nhoroondo yemakore manomwe uye inofukidza nzvimbo ye204,000 square feet.Inogadzira mabhasikoro emusika-zhinji eAmazon, Home Depot, Target, Wal-Mart nevamwe vatengi.Iine mitsara miviri yekusangana-imwe yemabhasikoro ane-speed uye imwe yemabhasikoro akawanda-anogona kugadzira mota dzinosvika chiuru nemazana mashanu pazuva, kuwedzera kune imwe-ye-iyo-iyo-iyo-yeupfu yekuputira musangano.
BCA inoshandisawo 146,000 square foot assembly chirimwa chiri mamaira mashoma kure.Inotarisa pamabhasikoro echinyakare uye zvigadzirwa zvidiki zvebatch zvinogadzirwa pamitsetse yegungano remaoko.Nekudaro, zvizhinji zvezvigadzirwa zveBCA zvinogadzirwa muSoutheast Asia.
"Kunyangwe takaita zvakawanda muSouth Carolina, inongotora chikamu che15% chemari yedu," akadaro Arnold Kamler, CEO weKent International.“Tichiri kuda kuunza kunze kwenyika dzinenge dzese dzatinounganidza.Nekudaro, isu tiri kugadzira mafuremu, mafork, mahandbars uye marimu muUnited States.
"Zvisinei, kuti ishande, chivako chedu chitsva chinofanira kunge chiri otomatiki," Kamler anotsanangura.“Parizvino tiri kutenga midziyo yatiri kuda.Tinoronga kuisa nzvimbo yacho kushanda mukati memakore maviri.
“Chinangwa chedu ndechokupfupisa nguva yekusununguka,” anodaro Kamler, uyo akashanda mubhizimisi remhuri kwemakore 50."Tinoda kukwanisa kuzvipira kune chaiyo modhi mazuva makumi matatu pamberi.Izvozvi, nekuda kweiyo offshore supply chain, isu tinofanirwa kuita sarudzo uye kuodha zvikamu pachine mwedzi mitanhatu. "
"Kuti tibudirire kwenguva refu, tinoda kuwedzera mamwe otomatiki," akadaro Kamler.“Factory yedu yatove neautomation inogadzira mavhiri.Somuenzaniso, tine muchina unopinza masipokisi muhubhu yevhiri uye mumwe muchina unotwasanudza vhiri.
“Zvisinei, kune rumwe rutivi rwefekitari, tambo yegungano ichiri yakanyanyisa kushandiswa, isina kumbosiyana nenzira yayakanga yakaita makore 40 apfuura,” akadaro Kamler.“Parizvino tiri kushanda nemayunivhesiti akawanda kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.Tinotarisira kushandisa marobhoti kune mamwe maapplication mumakore maviri anotevera. "
Mukuru weFanuc America Corp Global Account Executive, James Cooper akawedzera kuti: “Tinoona kuti vanogadzira mabhasikoro vari kuramba vachifarira marobhoti, kunyanya makambani anogadzira mabhasikoro akamira uye mabhasikoro emagetsi, ayo anenge achinyanya kurema.Indasitiri, mabhasikoro Kudzoka kwezviitwa zvebhizinesi kuchasimudzira kuwedzera kwekudiwa kweautomation mune ramangwana.”
Makore zana apfuura, West Side yeChicago yaive nzvimbo yekugadzira mabhasikoro.Kubva kutanga kwema1880 kusvika kutanga kwema1980, kambani yeWindy City yakawanda yakagadzira mabhasikoro mumavara akasiyana, maumbirwo nemasaizi.Kutaura zvazviri, kwechikamu chikuru chezana remakore rechi20, zvinopfuura zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvemabhasikoro ose aitengeswa muUnited States akaunganidzwa muChicago.
Imwe yemakambani ekutanga muindastiri, Loring & Keene (aimbova mugadziri wepombi dzemvura), akatanga kugadzira rudzi rutsva rwechigadzirwa chinonzi "bhasikoro" muna 1869. Pakazosvika 1890s, chikamu cheLake Street chaizivikanwa munharaunda se "chikwata chebhasikoro." ” nokuti maiva nevagadziri vanopfuura 40.Muna 1897, makambani makumi masere nemasere ekuChicago akagadzira 250,000 mabhasikoro pagore.
Mafekitari mazhinji mafekitori madiki, asi mashoma ave makambani makuru, achigadzira matekinoroji ekugadzira akawanda ayo akazogamuchirwa neindasitiri yemotokari.Gormully & Jeffery Manufacturing Co. yaive imwe yevakakura kugadzira mabhasikoro muUnited States kubva 1878 kusvika 1900. Inoshandiswa naR. Philip Gormully naThomas Jeffery.
Pakutanga, Gormully & Jeffery vakagadzira mapeni ane mavhiri akakwira, asi vakazogadzira akabudirira "akachengeteka" bhasikoro akatevedzana pasi peiyo Rambler brand.Iyo kambani yakawanikwa neAmerican Bicycle Company muna 1900.
Makore maviri gare gare, Thomas Jeffery akatanga kugadzira mota dzeRambler pafekitori mamaira makumi mashanu kuchamhembe kweChicago muKenosha, Wisconsin, uye akava piyona wekutanga muindasitiri yemotokari yeAmerica.Kuburikidza nekutevedzana kwekubatanidzwa uye kutora, kambani yaJeffrey yakazoshanduka kuita mota dzeAmerica neChrysler.
Mumwe mugadziri ane hunyanzvi ndeyeWestern Wheel Works, iyo yakambomhanyisa fekitori hombe pasirese bhasikoro kuchamhembe kweChicago.Mumakore ekuma1890, kambani yakapayona matekinoroji ekugadzira akawanda senge sheet metal stamping uye resistance welding.Western Wheel Works ndiyo yekutanga kambani yemabhasikoro ekuAmerica kushandisa zvidhindo zvesimbi kuunganidza zvigadzirwa zvayo, kusanganisira inotengeswa zvakanyanya yeCrescent brand.
Kwemakumi emakore, mambo weindasitiri yemabhasikoro anga ari Arnold, Schwinn & Co. Iyo kambani yakavambwa muna 1895 nemumwe mudiki wechiGerman anogadzira bhasikoro ainzi Ignaz Schwinn, uyo akatamira kuUnited States ndokugara muChicago mukutanga kwema1890.
Schwinn akakwenenzvera hunyanzvi hwebrazing uye welding tubular simbi kugadzira yakasimba, isingaremi furemu.Kutarisa pamhando, dhizaini inobata ziso, kugona kushambadzira kusingaenzaniswi uye vertical integrated supply chain inobatsira kambani kutonga indasitiri yemabhasikoro.Pakazosvika 1950, rimwe pamabhasikoro mana ose aitengeswa muUnited States aiva Schwinn.Iyo kambani yakabudisa mamiriyoni ebhasikoro muna 1968. Zvisinei, Schwinn yekupedzisira yakaitwa muChicago yakaitwa muna 1982.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-22-2021